Glossary /how to arrange a list of Vocabulary

Here you can see how to arrange a list of Vocabulary.The only thing give the definitions in English along with the Russian ones.

Use this WebSite to test online your knowledge of the system of justice in the UK

https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/educators/educational-products/100-civics-questions-and-answers-mp3-audio-english-version

1. Use this site to test online your knowledge of the system of justice (UK)↷

https://study.sagepub.com/harding/student-resources/chapter-4/multiple-choice-quiz

2. Use this site to check your Knowledge of British Holidays and Festivals↷

https://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz3594072924d10.html

3. Use this site to test online your knowledge of Geography of the United States ↷

https://www.worldatlas.com/quizzes/test-your-united-states-geography-knowledge/3/

4.

https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/educators/educational-products/100-civics-questions-and-answers-mp3-audio-english-version

Гимн США

Active Lecture Vocabulary. England

USA. 1. Nation. Active Vocabulary

byname

coextensive

canton

certify

signatures

reliance

abolitionist

prototype

Philadelphia

Pennsylvania

Potomac

populous

exterminated

UK. 2. Geography. Active Vocabulary

offshore islands

Crown dependency

elevation

equivalent

legal protection

authority

endangered plants

geological features

urban development

moorlands and heath-lands

abundant

mammal

increase

nature conservation programme

reverse the decline

charity

cruel treatment

present concerns

UK. 3. Political system. Active Vocabulary

assembled

enacted

precedents

remedies

representation

devolved

taxation

dissolved

upcoming

property owners

grievances

petitions

knights

burgesses

diminish

deprive

700-year-old right

bills

maintenance

trade unions

Official Opposition

polling day

ballot

councillors

2-tier system

business rates

UK. 4. History. Active Vocabulary

 conquest

invasion

Norsemen

halted

nobility

feudal system

imposed

dispute

successor

consolidate

anarchy

dynasty

Caernarvon Castle

mercilessly

executed

decisive

recapture

The Hundred Years’ War

code of chivalry

Act of Supremacy

Reformation

ascends

Elizabethan age

renaissance

The Spanish Armada

yield

dissolved

authoritarian

encompass

Whigs and Tories

pregnant

Jacobites

Convicts

Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

UK. Lecture 5.The System of Education in the UK

preschool system

public schools

state schools

private schools

boarding schools

religious schools

mixed schools

single-sex schools

academic ability

curriculum

nursery school

primary education

secondary education

the reception class

science

GCSE

the A level examination

the teacher supervising

uniform

preparatory class

interview

Task 1. Write out vocabulary words and find their meanings. Learn the words.

THE LAST LEAF by O.Henry

THE LAST LEAF

by O.Henry

In November a cold, unseen stranger whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Mr. Pneumonia wasn’t what you would call a chivalric old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.

“She has one chance in – let us say, ten,” said the doctor to Sue. “And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has made up her mind that she’s not going to get well.”

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room. Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes.  Sue arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story.

Johnsy’s eyes were open wide. she was looking out of the window and counting – counting backward.

“Twelve,” she said, and a little later “eleven”; and then “ten”; and “nine”; and then “eight” and “seven” almost together.

Sue looked solicitously out of the window. There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks.

“What is it, dear? Tell you Sudie.”

“Six,” said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. “They are falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. There goes another one. There are only five left now.”

“Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. I’ve known that for three days. Didn’t the doctor tell you?”

“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” complained Sue, with a magnificent scorn… “Johnsy, dear. Will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not to look out of the window until I’m done working? I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner.”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. Behrman was a failure in art. He had been about to paint a masterpiece, but he had never yet begun it. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly lighted den below. She told him of Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker. Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such idiotic imagination.

… When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes starting at the drawn green shade.

“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in a whisper.

But lo! After the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last on the vine.

“It is the last one. I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall today and I shall die at the same time,” said Johnsy. The loneliest thing in all the world is a soul when it is making ready on its mysterious, far journey.

The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall. And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows and pattered down on the low Dutch eaves.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.  The ivy leaf was still there. Johnsy lay for a long time looking for it.

“I’ve been a bad girl, Sudie”, she said. “Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It’s a sin to want to die.”

“Even chances,” said the doctor in the afternoon, taking Sue’s thin shaking hand in his. “With good nursing you’ll win. And now I must see another case I have downstairs. Behrman, his name is. He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute. There’s no hope for him.”

…..The next afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay. “I have something to tell you, little mouse,” she said. “Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him on the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn’t have imagined where he was on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and some scattered brushes, and – look out of the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. It’s Behrman’s masterpiece – he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.”

Listen to the audio of the storyto practise your pronunciation. 
http://listentogenius.com/recordings/TheLastLeaf.mp3

Task 1. Read the text and translate it.

          Task 2. Find English equivalents of the following words and phrases.

1. умереть от воспаления легких

2. преследовать 

3. благородный, галантный

4. дурень, простофиля

5. шедевр, произведение искусства

6. японская салфетка

7. тихонько войти

8. пульсация, рябь

9. озабоченно

10. веточка  плюща

11. рушившийся 

12. чепуха, ерунда

13.  величественная ухмылка 

14. золотоискатель-отшельник

15. в хлам, запоем

16. хрупкий

17. соблазн 

18. серьезный, критический, острый

19. швейцар

20. фонарь

21. разбросанные
22. ледяные пальцы
23. дурень, тупица
24. холодные как лёд
25. шедевр

          Task 3. Match the synonyms 

1. scorn                           k) weep
2. duffer                          j) disdain
3. nonsense                     h) lamp
4. hermit                         g) mockery
5. fragile                         f) fool
6. stalke about               e) bosh
7. cry                               d) loner
8. contempt                     c) brittle
9. lantern                        b) porter
10. janitor                      a) roam around

          Task 4. Point out the main idea and the conflicts raised in O. Henry's story.
          
          Task 5. Write 5 questions to the text in your exercise-books.

Task 6. Watch this presentation about O. Henry's biography

Task 6. Watch this film.

What is "nunchi", the Korean secret to happiness?

What is 'nunchi', the Korean secret to happiness? 

In a new book, Euny Honginv estigates the social ‘art of understanding’ that Koreans cultivate from childhood.

Koreans don’t say someone has ‘good’ nunchi, but ‘quick’ nunchi – the ability to rapidly process changing social information. Photograph: Sensor Spot/GettyImages

Have you ever wanted to read minds? Or wished you had a little bit more of whatever ineffable quality it is that makes some people seem effortlessly popular at parties, lucky in love, and successful at work?

Perhaps you need to brush up on you nunchi – a traditional Korean concept of situational awareness and the focus of the Korean American journalist and author Euny Hong’s new book The Power of Nunchi: The Korean Secret to Happiness and Success.

According to Hong, nunchi is the “art of understanding what people are thinking and feeling” – a quality held by those who are sensitive to the dynamics within a given group.

Koreans cultivate nunchi from a young age. “Kids in Korea know the word by age three,” she says. “You usually learn it in the negative; if everyone is standing on the right side of an escalator and a kid is lounging on the left, the parent will say, ‘Why don’t you have any nunchi?’ It’s partly about not being rude, but it’s also partly, ‘Why are you not plugged into your environment?’”

The word “nunchi” itself roughly translates to “eye-measure”, a sort of sizing-up, not of individuals but of the overall context and atmosphere of a situation. It’s applicable to just about every social setting one can be in, from a wedding to a job interview.

In action, nunchi involves noticing who, in any given context, is speaking, who is listening, who interrupts, who apologizes, who is rolling their eyes. From there, one can make potentially useful assessments about the nature of relationships and hierarchies within a group, the overall mood, and how to behave accordingly.

As the truly skilled discern such cues intuitively even as they’re constantly in flux, Koreans don’t say someone has “good” nunchi, but “quick” nunchi – the ability to rapidly process changing social information.

Because people with quick nunchi take the time to read the room, their chances of success in any social environment are high – they’re more likely to fit in and make connections and are less prone to coming across as clueless or incompetent, or of committing awkward faux pas.

“At a very basic level, people will be happier to be around you if you have quick nunchi,” says Hong, “and from a Machiavellian point of view, you can negotiate better” by staying quiet, listening carefully, and gathering information from others before speaking.

Because nunchi is a soft skill premised on discretion, Hong notes it can be a superpower for introverts. She claims approaching social situations through the lens of nunchi even helped her battle social anxiety, allowing her to remain grounded in stressful circumstances.

In her book, Hong also makes the case that nunchi not only helps individuals but has factored into Korea’s rapid development from one of the world’s poorest nations to a high-income, culturally powerful country in a matter of generations.

This is, as they say, big if true.

Yet if the subtle art of nunchi is so powerful, why does it seem that these days corporate and world leaders seem to more often be blustery loudmouths, rather than sensitive, quiet types?

Hong’s investigation of this question illuminates why the concept of nunchi – with its emphasis on unity, relationship building, and collective harmony – may be particularly relevant at a cultural and political moment characterized by divisiveness. It is, after all, essentially the power of understanding others.

“In the west, autonomy and individualism are emphasized, and nunchi seems to advocate the opposite,” she says. “But developing nunchi doesn’t mean becoming a lemming, it just means you are using data to your advantage to create comfort for yourself and everybody else.”

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/nov/11/what-is-nunchi-the-korean-secret-to-happiness

Task 1. Read and translate the article.

Task 2. Find English equivalents of the following words and phrases.

1)    быть погруженным

2)    различать

3)    быдло

4)    исследование, расследование

5)    совершить оплошность/проступок

6)    подтянуть, привести в порядок

7)    невежественный

8)    вписываться

9)    крикун

10) раскол, спор

11) неописуемый, невыразимый

12) осмотрительность

Task 3. Match the synonyms

1)    easily                          a) loudmouth

2)    discover                       b) clueless

3)    survey                          с) divisiveness

4)    stumble (n.)                 d) efortlessly

5)    screamer, roarer           e) discern

6)    ignorant                        f) investigation

7)    split, controversy         g) faux pas

Task 4. Answer the following questions

1)    What is understood by “nunchi”? Where did this notion originate from?

2)    When and how do Koreans learn and cultivate nunchi?

3)    In what social context can nunchi be applicable to?

4)    Why do Koreans use the word quick in a positive sense referring to someone’s nunchi?

5)    How can nunchi be helpful to introverts?

6)    Why doesn’t nunchi have the power to change the world politics for the better?

7)    Do you think you possess the superpower of nunchi? Do you know any people who do? Does it really promotesuccess? 

8)    Can you find any adequate equivalents of the notion nunchi in your own culture or any other cultures of the world?

9)    If you were asked to call your national secret to happiness, what would it be? 

Task 5. Watch the video "How the power of nunchi could change your life". Be ready to discuss the video.

Task 6. Write a rendering of the article.