HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
1. Who
is who: applicant/prospective student; freshman; sophomore, junior, senior,
undergraduate student; graduate (grad) student; part-time student; .transfer
student; night student; faculty:1 teaching assistant, assistant
professor, associate professor, (full) professor; counselor.2
2. Administration:
dean, assistant dean, department chairman; President of the University;
academic vice-president; student government; board of trustees.
3. Structure:
college (
4. Academic calendar: fall spring term/semester; fall, winter, spring, summer quarter; school/academic year; exam period/days — reading days/period;5 break/recess; deadline6 (fall term break; whiter recess or winter holidays, summer vacation).
5. Academic programs: course (a one / three credit course); to take a
course, to give a lecture; pass-fail course;1 elective, a major/to
major (what's your major?); a minor (second in importance); discussion session;
seminars; a more academic class, usually with grad students; a student-teacher.
6. Grades:
to get/to give a grade; pass-fail grading (e. g.: to take grammar
pass-fail); grades A, B, C, D, E; A-student; to graduate with straight A; a
credit, to earn a credit; education record.2
7. Tests:
quiz; to take/to give an exam; to retake an exam (a retake); to flunk a course;
to flunk smb; to drop out/to withdraw; a pass-fail test; multiple choice test;
essay test; SAT, PSAT (preliminary SAT) ACT; GPA.3
8. Red
Tape: to register (academically and financially); to enroll for admission;
to interview; to sign up for a course; to select classes/courses; to drop a
course, to add a course,4 a student I.D.,5 library card;
transcript; degrees: B.A., M.A., Ph.D.; to confer a degree; to confer tenure,
thesis, paper, dissertation.
9. Financing: full-time fees; part-time fees; graiits; student financial aid; to apply for financial aid; to be eligible for financial assistance; scholarship; academic fees; housing fees; a college work-study job.
Higher Education
Out of more than three million students who graduate from high school each year, about one million go on for higher education. A college at a leading university might receive applications from two percent of these high school graduates, and then accept only one out of every ten who apply. Successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the basis of a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their
The system of higher education in the
United States comprises three categories Of institutions: 1) the university,
which may contain a) several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a
bachelor's (four-year) degree and b) one or more graduate schools for those
continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor's degree to obtain a
master's or a doctoral degree, 2) the technical training institutions at which
high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in
duration and learn a wide variety of technical skills, from hair styling
through business accounting to computer programming; and 3) the two-year, or
community college, from which students may enter many professions or may
transfer to four-year colleges.
Any of these institutions, in any
category, might be either public or private, depending on the source of its
funding. Some universities and colleges have, over time, gained reputations
for offering particularly challenging courses and for providing their students
with a higher quality of education. The factors determining whether an
institution is one of the best or one of the lower prestige are quality of the
teaching faculty; quality of research, facilities; amount of funding available
for libraries, special programs, etc.; and the competence and number of
applicants for admission, i. e. how selective the institution can be in
choosing its students.
The most selective are the old private
north-eastern universities, commonly known as the Ivy League, include Harvard
Radcliffe, (
In defence of using the examinations as criteria for admission, administrators say that the SATs provide a fair way for deciding whom to admit when they have ten or twelve applicants for every first-year student seat.
In addition, to learning about a
college/university's entrance requirements and the fees, Americans must also
know the following:
Professional degrees such as a Bachelor
of Law (LL.A.) or a Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) take additional three years of
study and require first a B.A. or B.S. to be earned by a student.
Graduate schools in
The number of credits awarded for each
course relates to the number of hours of work involved. At the undergraduate
level a student generally takes about five three-hour-a week courses every
semester. (Semesters usually run from September to early January and late
January to late May.) Credits are earned by attending lectures (or lab classes)
and by successfully completing assignments and examinations. One credit usually
equals one hour of class per week in a single course. A three-credit course in
Linguistics, for example, could involve one hour of lectures plus two hours of
seminars every week. Most students complete 10 courses per an academic year and
it usually takes them four years to complete a bachelor's degree requirement of
about 40 three-hour courses or 120 credits.
In the American higher education system credits for the academic work are transferable among universities. A student can accumulate credits at one university, transfer them to a second and ultimately receive a degree from there or a third university.
1 The entire teaching staff at an educational institution.
2 For detailed information see Appendix (p. 262).
3 Classes taken in summer (during vacation time) to earn additional credits or to improve one's proficiency.
4 In-service training, updating one's qualification.
5 One or more days to read up for an examination.
6 The last date for a retake.
1A course where you don't take an examination, but a pass-fail test (зачёт).
2 Information on a student's attendance, enrollment status, degrees conferred and dates, honours and awards; college, class, major field of study; address, telephone number.
3 Grade Point Average — a grade allowing to continue in school and to graduate.
4 To take up an additional course for personal interest, not for a credit and to pay for it additionally, cf. факультатив
5
high school teachers; c) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs).
1. As you read the text a) look for the answers to the questions:
1. What are the admission
requirements to the colleges and universities? 2. What are the three types of
schools in higher education? 3. What degrees are offered by schools of higher
learning in the
b) Find in the text the factors which determine the choice by in individual of this or that college or university.
c) Summarize the text in three paragraphs.
2. Use the topical vocabulary and the material of the Appendix (p. 262) in answering the following questions:
1. What steps do students have to take to
enroll in a college/
university for admission? Speak about the exams they take — PSAT, SAT, ACT. 2.
What financial assistance are applicants eligible for? What is college
scholarship, grants, loan? Explain and bring out the essence of student
financial aid. 3. Speak about the academic calendar of a university. How does
an academic year differ from the one in
Average Academic Fees per Quarter
(public university)
Tuition
Colleges
non-residential residential
students students
Two Year Colleges $
753 $ 1796
College of Applied Science $ 753 $ 1796
(part-time rates per cr. hour)
Baccalaureate Colleges
Art & Science, College- $ 753 $ 1796
Conservatory
College, Business Administra- $ 63 $ 150
tion, etc.
(part-time rates per cr. hr.)
Graduate and Professional
Programs
Medicine (M.D.) $
2188 $ 4204
(part-tame per cr. hr.) $ 182 $
350
Law J.D.) $1192
$2323
(part-tame per cr. hr.)/ $ 99 $ 194
Graduate programs $1171
$2303
(part-tame per cr. hr.) $98 $ 192
_____________________________________________________________________
Room $642
Board (10 meals a week) $ 1045
(
Tuition and General Fee $ 11,976
Room and meals
$ 4,865
Books and supplies $
380
Educational Technology
Fee $ 200
Personal expenses (e. g.
clothing, laundry, $ 1,009
recreation)
_________________________
Total: $ 18,430
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий